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\u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a (Ba\u00f1os and Farr\u00e9\u060c 2002). \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a
\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c 2003\u061b \u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0633\u060c 2011) \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c 2004)\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.
\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 (\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2001\u060c 2003\u061b \u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646
\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 FSH.
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 (\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2011\u060c 2012)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 CD4 \u0648CD3 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 CD4 \u0648CD3 (\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2011\u060c 2012).
NK \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2011\u060c 2012). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a
\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2001\u061b \u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u062c\u060c 2005). \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631)\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f,
\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644) \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f.
(\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00ab\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a.
\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Bouso and Riba, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u00ab\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 (\u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c 2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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(Doering-Silveira et al., 2005a)\u00bb.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0629 (\u063a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2019\u060c 2020). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.
(\u063a\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2020). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0644 (\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2017\u061b \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2018).
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627
\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 (Nielson and Megler, 2013) \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 (Dom\u00ednguez-Clav\u00e9 et al., 2019)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 (\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2016)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a (ALS) (ALSUntangled Group, 2017).\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0621 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 1999\u061b \u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2001\u061b \u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c 2003\u061b \u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u062c\u060c 2005\u061b \u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0633\u060c 2011\u061b \u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646),
1999). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644.
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a (\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c 1986\u060c 2011)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c 2004).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631\u00ab\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645.
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c 1986\u060c 2011). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644.
\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2020) \u0623\u0646
\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 614 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627
\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a,
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u063a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646,
2021). \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627. \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631.
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2005\u060c 2009).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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(\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2012\u061b \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2008) \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2012\u061b \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2008) \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2012).
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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644:https:\/\/www.iceers.org\/es\/examinando-muertes-ayahuasca\/)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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-\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0640 ICEERS \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 12 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629:
https:\/\/www.iceers.org\/es\/informe-tecnico-sobre-ayahuasca\/perfil-seguridad-ayahuasca\/<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
-\u00bfES T\u00d3XICA LA AYAHUASCA? \u00abQue la ayahuasca sea una sustancia psicoactiva no implica que las dosis que se ingieren habitualmente en los rituales sean dosis que produzcan toxicidad org\u00e1nica ni cerebral. En este sentido, y de acuerdo con la ciencia toxicol\u00f3gica, no debe equipararse dosis psicoactiva m\u00ednima con dosis t\u00f3xica, si entendemos toxicidad como la […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":308,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[13,24],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-307","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-ayahuasca","8":"category-legalidad"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.ayahuascanews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-01-18-at-20.56.42.jpeg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ayahuascanews.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ayahuascanews.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ayahuascanews.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ayahuascanews.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ayahuascanews.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=307"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ayahuascanews.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":309,"href":"https:\/\/www.ayahuascanews.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307\/revisions\/309"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ayahuascanews.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ayahuascanews.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ayahuascanews.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ayahuascanews.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}